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Journal article

Selection Acting on Genomes.

  • Kosiol C Centre of Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK. ck202@st-andrews.ac.uk.
  • Anisimova M Institute of Applied Simulation, School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland.
  • 2019-07-07
Published in:
  • Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). - 2019
Codon models
Conserved and accelerated regions
Polymorphism-aware phylogenetic models
Positive selection scans
Selection-mutation models
Animals
Codon
Computational Biology
Evolution, Molecular
Genome
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genomics
Genotype
Humans
Mammals
Models, Genetic
Models, Statistical
Mutation
Phylogeny
Polymorphism, Genetic
Selection, Genetic
Software
Web Browser
English Populations evolve as mutations arise in individual organisms and, through hereditary transmission, may become "fixed" (shared by all individuals) in the population. Most mutations are lethal or have negative fitness consequences for the organism. Others have essentially no effect on organismal fitness and can become fixed through the neutral stochastic process known as random drift. However, mutations may also produce a selective advantage that boosts their chances of reaching fixation. Regions of genomes where new mutations are beneficial, rather than neutral or deleterious, tend to evolve more rapidly due to positive selection. Genes involved in immunity and defense are a well-known example; rapid evolution in these genes presumably occurs because new mutations help organisms to prevail in evolutionary "arms races" with pathogens. In recent years genome-wide scans for selection have enlarged our understanding of the genome evolution of various species. In this chapter, we will focus on methods to detect selection on the genome. In particular, we will discuss probabilistic models and how they have changed with the advent of new genome-wide data now available.
Language
  • English
Open access status
hybrid
Identifiers
Persistent URL
https://sonar.rero.ch/global/documents/248801
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