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A meta-analysis of 1,119 manipulative experiments on terrestrial carbon-cycling responses to global change.

  • Song J College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
  • Wan S College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China. swan@ibcas.ac.cn.
  • Piao S Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
  • Knapp AK Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
  • Classen AT Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
  • Vicca S Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
  • Ciais P Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
  • Hovenden MJ Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
  • Leuzinger S Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
  • Beier C Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Kardol P Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
  • Xia J Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
  • Liu Q Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
  • Ru J International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Zhou Z International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Luo Y Center for Ecosystem Study and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
  • Guo D Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
  • Adam Langley J Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA.
  • Zscheischler J Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland.
  • Dukes JS Department of Forestry and Natural Resources and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
  • Tang J Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystem Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
  • Chen J Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Department of Geography, Environment and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
  • Hofmockel KS Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
  • Kueppers LM Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
  • Rustad L United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH, USA.
  • Liu L State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
  • Smith MD Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
  • Templer PH Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
  • Quinn Thomas R Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
  • Norby RJ Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
  • Phillips RP Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
  • Niu S Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
  • Fatichi S Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Wang Y CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Victoria, Australia.
  • Shao P Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China.
  • Han H Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China.
  • Wang D International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Lei L International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Wang J International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Li X International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Zhang Q International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Li X International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Su F International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Liu B International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Yang F International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Ma G International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Li G International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Liu Y International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Liu Y International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Yang Z International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Zhang K International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Miao Y International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Hu M International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Yan C International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Zhang A International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Zhong M International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Hui Y International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Li Y International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
  • Zheng M International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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  • 2019-08-21
Published in:
  • Nature ecology & evolution. - 2019
Carbon
Carbon Cycle
China
Ecosystem
Europe
English Direct quantification of terrestrial biosphere responses to global change is crucial for projections of future climate change in Earth system models. Here, we synthesized ecosystem carbon-cycling data from 1,119 experiments performed over the past four decades concerning changes in temperature, precipitation, CO2 and nitrogen across major terrestrial vegetation types of the world. Most experiments manipulated single rather than multiple global change drivers in temperate ecosystems of the USA, Europe and China. The magnitudes of warming and elevated CO2 treatments were consistent with the ranges of future projections, whereas those of precipitation changes and nitrogen inputs often exceeded the projected ranges. Increases in global change drivers consistently accelerated, but decreased precipitation slowed down carbon-cycle processes. Nonlinear (including synergistic and antagonistic) effects among global change drivers were rare. Belowground carbon allocation responded negatively to increased precipitation and nitrogen addition and positively to decreased precipitation and elevated CO2. The sensitivities of carbon variables to multiple global change drivers depended on the background climate and ecosystem condition, suggesting that Earth system models should be evaluated using site-specific conditions for best uses of this large dataset. Together, this synthesis underscores an urgent need to explore the interactions among multiple global change drivers in underrepresented regions such as semi-arid ecosystems, forests in the tropics and subtropics, and Arctic tundra when forecasting future terrestrial carbon-climate feedback.
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  • English
Open access status
green
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https://sonar.rero.ch/global/documents/118199
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